+ MN 110 Cūḷa-puṇṇama + all - all
shorter {discourse on} full moon night
(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12)
(源自B. Sujato 2018/12)
Evaṃ me sutaṃ—
So I have heard.
我曾这样听说：
ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde.
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the Eastern Monastery, the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother.
一时，佛陀住在舍卫城，在弥伽罗母的东园重阁堂。
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.
Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.
那时正是布萨日——十五日圆月——佛陀坐于露天，周围是比丘僧团。
Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi:
Then the Buddha looked around the Saṅgha of monks, who were so very silent. He addressed them:
于是佛陀环视比丘僧团，他们是如此寂静。他对比丘们说：
“jāneyya nu kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisaṃ:
“monks, could a bad person know of a bad person:
“比丘们，一个坏人能认识一个坏人吗：
‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’”ti?
‘This fellow is a bad person’?”
‘这个人是坏人’？”
“No hetaṃ, bhante”.
“No, sir.”
“不能，世尊。”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave;
“Good, monks!
“善哉，比丘们！
aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya:
It’s impossible, it can’t happen, that a bad person could know of a bad person:
不可能，这不会发生，一个坏人能够认识一个坏人：
‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’ti.
‘This fellow is a bad person.’
‘这个人是坏人。’
Jāneyya pana, bhikkhave, asappuriso sappurisaṃ:
But could a bad person know of a good person:
但是一个坏人能认识一个好人吗：
‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’”ti?
‘This fellow is a good person’?”
‘这个人是好人’？”
“No hetaṃ, bhante”.
“No, sir.”
“不能，世尊。”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave;
“Good, monks!
“善哉，比丘们！
etampi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhānaṃ anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya:
That too is impossible.
那也是不可能的。
‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’ti.
Asappuriso, bhikkhave, assaddhammasamannāgato hoti, asappurisabhatti hoti, asappurisacintī hoti, asappurisamantī hoti, asappurisavāco hoti, asappurisakammanto hoti, asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti; asappurisadānaṃ deti.
A bad person has bad qualities, associates with bad people, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of a bad person.
坏人有坏的特质，与坏人交往，并且有坏人的意图、建议、言语、行为、观点和施与。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddhammasamannāgato hoti?
And how does a bad person have bad qualities?
一个坏人是如何具有坏的特质的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti.
It’s when a bad person is faithless, shameless, imprudent, uneducated, lazy, unrememberful, and witless.
当一个坏人没有信心，不知羞耻，不明智，没有受过教育，懒惰，健忘，愚蠢。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddhammasamannāgato hoti. (1)
That’s how a bad person has bad qualities.
坏人就是这样具有坏的特质的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisabhatti hoti?
And how does a bad person associate with bad people?
一个坏人是如何与坏人交往的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappurisassa ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā assaddhā ahirikā anottappino appassutā kusītā muṭṭhassatino duppaññā tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā.
It’s when a bad person is a friend and companion of ascetics and brahmins who are faithless, shameless, imprudent, uneducated, lazy, unrememberful, and witless.
当一个坏人是那些没有信心，不知羞耻，不明智，没有受过教育，懒惰，健忘，愚蠢的沙门和婆罗门的友人与同伴。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisabhatti hoti. (2)
That’s how a bad person associates with bad people.
坏人就是这样与坏人交往的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisacintī hoti?
And how does a bad person have the intentions of a bad person?
一个坏人是如何怀有坏的意图的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti.
It’s when a bad person intends to hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.
当一个坏人意图伤害自己，伤害他人，以及伤害两者。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisacintī hoti. (3)
That’s how a bad person has the intentions of a bad person.
坏人就是这样怀有坏的意图的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisamantī hoti?
And how does a bad person offer the counsel of a bad person?
一个坏人是如何提出坏的建议的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso attabyābādhāyapi manteti, parabyābādhāyapi manteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi manteti.
It’s when a bad person offers counsel that hurts themselves, hurts others, and hurts both.
当一个坏人提出伤害自己，伤害他人，以及伤害两者的建议。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisamantī hoti. (4)
That’s how a bad person offers the counsel of a bad person.
坏人就是这样提出坏的建议的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisavāco hoti?
And how does a bad person have the speech of a bad person?
一个坏人是如何说坏话的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso musāvādī hoti, pisuṇavāco hoti, pharusavāco hoti, samphappalāpī hoti.
It’s when a bad person uses speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, and nonsensical.
当一个坏人使用虚假、离间、粗暴和无意义的言语。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisavāco hoti. (5)
That’s how a bad person has the speech of a bad person.
坏人就是这样说坏话的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisakammanto hoti?
And how does a bad person have the action of a bad person?
一个坏人是如何做坏事的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti.
It’s when a bad person kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct.
当一个坏人杀害众生，偷窃，以及犯邪淫。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisakammanto hoti. (6)
That’s how a bad person has the actions of a bad person.
坏人就是这样做坏事的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti?
And how does a bad person have the view of a bad person?
一个坏人是如何持有坏的见解的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti:
It’s when a bad person has such a view:
当一个坏人持有这样的见解：
‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā, ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti.
‘There’s no meaning in giving, sacrifice, or offerings. There’s no fruit or result of good and bad deeds. There’s no afterlife. There’s no obligation to mother and father. No beings are reborn spontaneously. And there’s no ascetic or brahmin who is well attained and practiced, and who describes the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’
‘施与、祭祀或供养没有意义。善恶业没有果报。没有来世。对父母没有义务。没有众生是自然而生的。也没有任何沙门或婆罗门是善成就和善修行的，他们能够以自己的洞察力证悟并描述来世。’
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti. (7)
That’s how a bad person has the view of a bad person.
坏人就是这样持有坏的见解的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadānaṃ deti?
And how does a bad person give the gifts of a bad person?
一个坏人是如何施与坏的礼物呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso asakkaccaṃ dānaṃ deti, asahatthā dānaṃ deti, acittīkatvā dānaṃ deti, apaviṭṭhaṃ dānaṃ deti anāgamanadiṭṭhiko dānaṃ deti.
It’s when a bad person gives a gift carelessly, not with their own hand, and thoughtlessly. They give the dregs, and they give without consideration for consequences.
当一个坏人随意地施与，不用自己的手，也不经思考。他们施与渣滓，施与时不考虑后果。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadānaṃ deti.
That’s how a bad person gives the gifts of a bad person.
坏人就是这样施与坏的礼物的。
So, bhikkhave, asappuriso evaṃ assaddhammasamannāgato, evaṃ asappurisabhatti, evaṃ asappurisacintī, evaṃ asappurisamantī, evaṃ asappurisavāco, evaṃ asappurisakammanto, evaṃ asappurisadiṭṭhi;
That bad person—who has such bad qualities, frequents bad people, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of a bad person—
那个坏人——拥有如此坏的品质，常与坏人交往，并有坏人的意图、建议、言语、行为、观点和施与——
evaṃ asappurisadānaṃ datvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā yā asappurisānaṃ gati tattha upapajjati.
when their body breaks up, after death, is reborn in the place where bad people are reborn.
当他们的身体坏灭，死后，会转生到坏人转生的地方。
Kā ca, bhikkhave, asappurisānaṃ gati?
And what is the place where bad people are reborn?
坏人转生的地方是什么？
Nirayo vā tiracchānayoni vā.
Hell or the animal realm.
地狱或畜生道。
Jāneyya nu kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisaṃ:
monks, could a good person know of a good person:
比丘们，一个好人能认识一个好人吗：
‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’”ti?
‘This fellow is a good person’?”
‘这个人是好人’？”
“Evaṃ, bhante”.
“Yes, sir.”
“能，世尊。”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave;
“Good, monks!
“善哉，比丘们！
ṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ sappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya:
It is possible that a good person could know of a good person:
好人能够认识好人是可能的：
‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’ti.
‘This fellow is a good person.’
‘这个人是好人。’
Jāneyya pana, bhikkhave, sappuriso asappurisaṃ:
But could a good person know of a bad person:
但是一个好人能认识一个坏人吗：
‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’”ti?
‘This fellow is a bad person’?”
‘这个人是坏人’？”
“Evaṃ, bhante”.
“Yes, sir.”
“能，世尊。”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave;
“Good, monks!
“善哉，比丘们！
etampi kho, bhikkhave, ṭhānaṃ vijjati yaṃ sappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya:
That too is possible.
那也是可能的。
‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhavan’ti.
Sappuriso, bhikkhave, saddhammasamannāgato hoti, sappurisabhatti hoti, sappurisacintī hoti, sappurisamantī hoti, sappurisavāco hoti, sappurisakammanto hoti, sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti;
A good person has good qualities, associates with good people, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of a good person.
好人有好的特质，与好人交往，并且有好人的意图、建议、言语、行为、观点和施与。
sappurisadānaṃ deti.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddhammasamannāgato hoti?
And how does a good person have good qualities?
一个好人是如何具有好的特质的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti.
It’s when a good person is faithful, conscientious, prudent, learned, energetic, rememberful, and wise.
当一个好人有信心，有惭愧心，有智慧，有学问，精进，正念，聪明。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddhammasamannāgato hoti. (1)
That’s how a good person has good qualities.
好人就是这样具有好的特质的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisabhatti hoti?
And how does a good person associate with good people?
一个好人是如何与好人交往的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappurisassa ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhā hirimanto ottappino bahussutā āraddhavīriyā upaṭṭhitassatino paññavanto tyāssa mittā honti, te sahāyā.
It’s when a good person is a friend and companion of ascetics and brahmins who are faithful, conscientious, prudent, learned, energetic, rememberful, and wise.
当一个好人是那些有信心，有惭愧心，有智慧，有学问，精进，正念，聪明的沙门和婆罗门的友人与同伴。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisabhatti hoti. (2)
That’s how a good person associates with good people.
好人就是这样与好人交往的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisacintī hoti?
And how does a good person have the intentions of a good person?
一个好人是如何怀有好的意图的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti.
It’s when a good person doesn’t intend to hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.
当一个好人意图不伤害自己，不伤害他人，以及不伤害两者。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisacintī hoti. (3)
That’s how a good person has the intentions of a good person.
好人就是这样怀有好的意图的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisamantī hoti?
And how does a good person offer the counsel of a good person?
一个好人是如何提出好的建议的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso nevattabyābādhāya manteti, na parabyābādhāya manteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya manteti.
It’s when a good person offers counsel that doesn’t hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.
当一个好人提出不伤害自己，不伤害他人，以及不伤害两者的建议。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisamantī hoti. (4)
That’s how a good person offers the counsel of a good person.
好人就是这样提出好的建议的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisavāco hoti?
And how does a good person have the speech of a good person?
一个好人是如何说好话的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti.
It’s when a good person refrains from speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical.
当一个好人不说虚假、离间、粗暴或无意义的言语。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisavāco hoti. (5)
That’s how a good person has the speech of a good person.
好人就是这样说好话的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisakammanto hoti?
And how does a good person have the action of a good person?
一个好人是如何做善事的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti.
It’s when a good person refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, and committing sexual misconduct.
当一个好人戒除杀生、偷盗和邪淫。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisakammanto hoti. (6)
That’s how a good person has the action of a good person.
好人就是这样做善事的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti?
And how does a good person have the view of a good person?
一个好人是如何持有好的见解的呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti:
It’s when a good person has such a view:
当一个好人持有这样的见解：
‘atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhaṃ, atthi hutaṃ, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, atthi ayaṃ loko, atthi paro loko, atthi mātā, atthi pitā, atthi sattā opapātikā, atthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti.
‘There is meaning in giving, sacrifice, and offerings. There are fruits and results of good and bad deeds. There is an afterlife. There are duties to mother and father. There are beings reborn spontaneously. And there are ascetics and brahmins who are well attained and practiced, and who describe the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’
‘施与、祭祀和供养有意义。善恶业有果报。有来世。对父母有义务。有众生是自然而生的。并且有沙门和婆罗门是善成就和善修行的，他们能够以自己的洞察力证悟并描述来世。’
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti. (7)
That’s how a good person has the view of a good person.
好人就是这样持有好的见解的。
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadānaṃ deti?
And how does a good person give the gifts of a good person?
一个好人是如何施与好的礼物呢？
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso sakkaccaṃ dānaṃ deti, sahatthā dānaṃ deti, cittīkatvā dānaṃ deti, anapaviṭṭhaṃ dānaṃ deti, āgamanadiṭṭhiko dānaṃ deti.
It’s when a good person gives a gift carefully, with their own hand, and thoughtfully. They don’t give the dregs, and they give with consideration for consequences.
当一个好人细心地施与，用自己的手，并经过思考。他们不施与渣滓，施与时考虑到后果。
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadānaṃ deti. (8)
That’s how a good person gives the gifts of a good person.
好人就是这样施与好的礼物的。
So, bhikkhave, sappuriso evaṃ saddhammasamannāgato, evaṃ sappurisabhatti, evaṃ sappurisacintī, evaṃ sappurisamantī, evaṃ sappurisavāco, evaṃ sappurisakammanto, evaṃ sappurisadiṭṭhi;
That good person—who has such good qualities, associates with good people, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of a good person—
那个好人——拥有如此好的品质，常与好人交往，并有好的意图、建议、言语、行为、观点和施与——
evaṃ sappurisadānaṃ datvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā yā sappurisānaṃ gati tattha upapajjati.
when their body breaks up, after death, is reborn in the place where good people are reborn.
当他们的身体坏灭，死后，会转生到好人转生的地方。
Kā ca, bhikkhave, sappurisānaṃ gati?
And what is the place where good people are reborn?
好人转生的地方是什么？
Devamahattatā vā manussamahattatā vā”ti.
A state of greatness among gods or humans.”
天神或人类中的崇高境界。”
Idamavoca bhagavā.
That is what the Buddha said.
佛陀如是说。
Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Satisfied, the monks were happy with what the Buddha said.
比丘们心满意足，欢喜佛陀所说。
end of section [110 - MN 110 Cūḷa-puṇṇama] ❧
§ – Anupada (one by one) VaggaMN-q 111 - MN 111 anu-pada: one after another
MN-q 112 – MN 112 Chabbi-sodhana: the sixfold purification
MN-q 113 – MN 113 Sap-purisa: good person
MN-q 114 – MN 114 Sevitabb-āsevitabba: should be cultivated, and not cultivated
MN-q 115 – MN 115 Bahu-dhātuka: many elements
MN-q 116 – MN 116 Isigili: At Isigili
MN-q 117 – MN 117 Mahā-cattārīsaka: great forty
MN-q 118 – MN 118 Ānāpānas-sati: Remembering Dharma on breathing
MN-q 119 – MN 119 kāyagatā-sati: body-immersed-remembering
MN-q 120 – MN 120 Saṅkhār-upapatti: intentional rebirth
