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(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
（摘自B. Sujato 2018/12） |
| Cūḷakammavibhaṅgasutta |
The Shorter Analysis of karma |
业的简要分析 |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
我曾听闻。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane, anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. |
有一次，佛陀住在舍卫城附近的祇树给孤独园。 |
| Atha kho subho māṇavo todeyyaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. |
Then the brahmin student Subha, Todeyya’s son, approached the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. |
然后，婆罗门学生苏巴，陀提亚的儿子，走近佛陀，与他互相问候。 |
| Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha: |
问候和礼貌的交谈结束后，他坐在一旁，对佛陀说： |
| “Ko nu kho, bho gotama, hetu ko paccayo yena manussānaṃyeva sataṃ manussabhūtānaṃ dissanti hīnappaṇītatā? |
“What is the cause, Master Gotama, what is the reason why even among those who are human beings some are seen to be inferior and superior? |
“乔达摩大师，是什么原因，导致人类中有些人显得低劣，有些人显得优越呢？ |
| Dissanti hi, bho gotama, manussā appāyukā, dissanti dīghāyukā; |
For people are seen who are short-lived and long-lived, |
因为有人寿命短，有人寿命长， |
| dissanti bavhābādhā, dissanti appābādhā; |
sickly and healthy, |
有人多病，有人健康， |
| dissanti dubbaṇṇā, dissanti vaṇṇavanto; |
ugly and beautiful, |
有人丑陋，有人美丽， |
| dissanti appesakkhā, dissanti mahesakkhā; |
insignificant and illustrious, |
有人微不足道，有人显赫， |
| dissanti appabhogā, dissanti mahābhogā; |
poor and rich, |
有人贫穷，有人富裕， |
| dissanti nīcakulīnā, dissanti uccākulīnā; |
from low and eminent families, |
有人出身低微，有人出身显赫， |
| dissanti duppaññā, dissanti paññavanto. |
witless and wise. |
有人愚昧，有人智慧。 |
| Ko nu kho, bho gotama, hetu ko paccayo yena manussānaṃyeva sataṃ manussabhūtānaṃ dissanti hīnappaṇītatā”ti? |
What is the reason why even among those who are human beings some are seen to be inferior and superior?” |
是什么原因，导致人类中有些人显得低劣，有些人显得优越呢？” |
| “Kammassakā, māṇava, sattā kammadāyādā kammayonī kammabandhū kammappaṭisaraṇā. |
“Student, sentient beings are the owners of their karma and heir to their karma. karma are their womb, their relative, and their refuge. |
“学生，众生是他们业的主人，是他们业的继承者。业是他们的母胎，他们的亲属，他们的皈依处。 |
| Kammaṃ satte vibhajati yadidaṃ— |
It is karma that divide beings into |
正是业将众生分为 |
| hīnappaṇītatāyā”ti. |
inferior and superior.” |
低劣和优越。” |
| “Na kho ahaṃ imassa bhoto gotamassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. |
“I don’t understand the meaning of what Master Gotama has said in brief, without explaining the details. |
“乔达摩大师简略所说，没有详细解释其含义，我不明白。 |
| Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā ahaṃ imassa bhoto gotamassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājāneyyan”ti. |
Master Gotama, please teach me this matter in detail so I can understand the meaning.” |
乔达摩大师，请您详细解释这件事，好让我能明白其含义。” |
| “Idha, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā pāṇātipātī hoti luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. |
“Take some woman or man who kills living creatures. They’re violent, bloody-handed, a hardened killer, merciless to living beings. |
“假设有些女人或男人杀害众生。他们暴力、血腥、是个顽固的杀手，对众生毫无怜悯之心。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. |
因为造作这样的业，当他们的身体崩坏，死后，他们投生到一个失去之地，一个糟糕之地，地狱。 |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati appāyuko hoti. |
If they’re not reborn in a place of loss, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re short-lived. |
如果他们不投生到失去之地，而是回到人间，那么无论他们投生到哪里，都会短命。 |
| Appāyukasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
For killing living creatures is the path leading to a short lifespan. |
因为杀害众生是导致短命的道路。 |
| pāṇātipātī hoti luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. (1) |
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| Idha pana, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho, lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. |
But take some woman or man who gives up killing living creatures. They renounce the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of compassion for all living beings. |
然而，假设有些女人或男人放弃杀害众生。他们放下棍棒和刀剑。他们细心善良，对所有众生充满慈悲。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. |
因为造作这样的业，当他们的身体崩坏，死后，他们投生到一个好地方，天界。 |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati dīghāyuko hoti. |
If they’re not reborn in a heavenly realm, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re long-lived. |
如果他们不投生到天界，而是回到人间，那么无论他们投生到哪里，都会长寿。 |
| Dīghāyukasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
For not killing living creatures is the path leading to a long lifespan. |
因为不杀害众生是导致长寿的道路。 |
| pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho, lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. (1) |
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| Idha, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā sattānaṃ viheṭhakajātiko hoti, pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā. |
Take some woman or man who habitually hurts living creatures with a fist, stone, rod, or sword. |
假设有些女人或男人惯于用拳头、石头、棍棒或刀剑伤害众生。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到失去之地…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati bavhābādho hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re sickly … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会多病…… |
| Bavhābādhasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| sattānaṃ viheṭhakajātiko hoti pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā. (2) |
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| Idha pana, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā sattānaṃ aviheṭhakajātiko hoti pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā. |
But take some woman or man who does not habitually hurt living creatures with a fist, stone, rod, or sword. |
然而，假设有些女人或男人不惯于用拳头、石头、棍棒或刀剑伤害众生。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到天界…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati appābādho hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re healthy … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会健康…… |
| Appābādhasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| sattānaṃ aviheṭhakajātiko hoti pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā. (2) |
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| Idha, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo. |
Take some woman or man who is irritable and bad-tempered. |
假设有些女人或男人易怒且脾气暴躁。 |
| Appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patiṭṭhīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. |
Even when lightly criticized they lose their temper, becoming annoyed, hostile, and hard-hearted, and displaying annoyance, hate, and bitterness. |
即使轻微批评，他们也会发脾气，变得恼怒、敌对、心肠硬，并表现出恼怒、仇恨和怨恨。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到失去之地…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati dubbaṇṇo hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re ugly … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会丑陋…… |
| Dubbaṇṇasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo; |
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| appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patiṭṭhīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. (3) |
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| Idha pana, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā akkodhano hoti anupāyāsabahulo; |
But take some woman or man who isn’t irritable and bad-tempered. |
然而，假设有些女人或男人不易怒且脾气不暴躁。 |
| bahumpi vutto samāno nābhisajjati na kuppati na byāpajjati na patiṭṭhīyati na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. |
Even when heavily criticized, they don’t lose their temper, become annoyed, hostile, and hard-hearted, or display annoyance, hate, and bitterness. |
即使受到严厉批评，他们也不会发脾气，变得恼怒、敌对、心肠硬，或表现出恼怒、仇恨和怨恨。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到天界…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati pāsādiko hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re lovely … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会美丽…… |
| Pāsādikasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| akkodhano hoti anupāyāsabahulo; |
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| bahumpi vutto samāno nābhisajjati na kuppati na byāpajjati na patiṭṭhīyati na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. (3) |
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| Idha, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā issāmanako hoti; |
Take some woman or man who is envious. |
假设有些女人或男人嫉妒。 |
| paralābhasakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāsu issati upadussati issaṃ bandhati. |
They envy, resent, and begrudge the possessions, honor, respect, reverence, homage, and veneration given to others. |
他们嫉妒、怨恨、不悦他人所得到的财产、荣誉、尊重、敬意、赞颂和崇敬。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到失去之地…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati appesakkho hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re insignificant … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会微不足道…… |
| Appesakkhasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| issāmanako hoti; |
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| paralābhasakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāsu issati upadussati issaṃ bandhati. (4) |
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| Idha pana, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā anissāmanako hoti; |
But take some woman or man who is not envious … |
然而，假设有些女人或男人不嫉妒…… |
| paralābhasakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāsu na issati na upadussati na issaṃ bandhati. |
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| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到天界…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati mahesakkho hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re illustrious … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会显赫…… |
| Mahesakkhasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| anissāmanako hoti; |
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| paralābhasakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāsu na issati na upadussati na issaṃ bandhati. (4) |
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| Idha, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā na dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. |
Take some woman or man who doesn’t give to ascetics or brahmins such things as food, drink, clothing, vehicles; garlands, perfumes, and makeup; and bed, house, and lighting. |
假设有些女人或男人不给沙门或婆罗门提供食物、饮料、衣服、交通工具；花环、香水和化妆品；以及床、房屋和照明等物品。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到失去之地…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati appabhogo hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re poor … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会贫穷…… |
| Appabhogasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| na dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. (5) |
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| Idha pana, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. |
But take some woman or man who does give to ascetics or brahmins … |
然而，假设有些女人或男人给沙门或婆罗门提供…… |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到天界…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati mahābhogo hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re rich … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会富有…… |
| Mahābhogasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. (5) |
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| Idha, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā thaddho hoti atimānī— |
Take some woman or man who is obstinate and vain. |
假设有些女人或男人顽固自大。 |
| abhivādetabbaṃ na abhivādeti, paccuṭṭhātabbaṃ na paccuṭṭheti, āsanārahassa na āsanaṃ deti, maggārahassa na maggaṃ deti, sakkātabbaṃ na sakkaroti, garukātabbaṃ na garukaroti, mānetabbaṃ na māneti, pūjetabbaṃ na pūjeti. |
They don’t bow to those they should bow to. They don’t rise up for them, offer them a seat, make way for them, or honor, respect, esteem, or venerate those who are worthy of such. |
他们不向应该顶礼的人顶礼。他们不为他们站起来，不给他们让座，不为他们让路，也不尊敬、尊重、重视或崇敬那些值得这样做的人。 |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到失去之地…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati nīcakulīno hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re reborn in a low class family … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会投生到低等家庭…… |
| Nīcakulīnasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| thaddho hoti atimānī; |
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| abhivādetabbaṃ na abhivādeti, paccuṭṭhātabbaṃ na paccuṭṭheti, āsanārahassa na āsanaṃ deti, maggārahassa na maggaṃ deti, sakkātabbaṃ na sakkaroti, garukātabbaṃ na garukaroti, mānetabbaṃ na māneti, pūjetabbaṃ na pūjeti. (6) |
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| Idha pana, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā atthaddho hoti anatimānī; |
But take some woman or man who is not obstinate and vain … |
然而，假设有些女人或男人不顽固自大…… |
| abhivādetabbaṃ abhivādeti, paccuṭṭhātabbaṃ paccuṭṭheti, āsanārahassa āsanaṃ deti, maggārahassa maggaṃ deti, sakkātabbaṃ sakkaroti, garukātabbaṃ garukaroti, mānetabbaṃ māneti, pūjetabbaṃ pūjeti. |
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| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到天界…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati uccākulīno hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re reborn in an eminent family … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会投生到显赫家庭…… |
| Uccākulīnasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| atthaddho hoti anatimānī; |
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| abhivādetabbaṃ abhivādeti, paccuṭṭhātabbaṃ paccuṭṭheti, āsanārahassa āsanaṃ deti, maggārahassa maggaṃ deti, sakkātabbaṃ sakkaroti, garukātabbaṃ garukaroti, mānetabbaṃ māneti, pūjetabbaṃ pūjeti. (6) |
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| Idha, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā na paripucchitā hoti: |
Take some woman or man who doesn’t approach an ascetic or brahmin to ask: |
假设有些女人或男人不亲近沙门或婆罗门请教： |
| ‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ; |
‘Sir, what is skillful and what is unskillful? |
“先生，什么是善巧的，什么是不善巧的？ |
| kiṃ sāvajjaṃ, kiṃ anavajjaṃ; |
What is blameworthy and what is blameless? |
什么是应受责备的，什么是无可责备的？ |
| kiṃ sevitabbaṃ, kiṃ na sevitabbaṃ; |
What should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated? |
什么应该修习，什么不应该修习？ |
| kiṃ me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya hoti, kiṃ vā pana me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hotī’ti? |
What kind of action will lead to my lasting harm and suffering? Or what kind of action will lead to my lasting welfare and happiness?’ |
什么样的行为会导致我长久的伤害和痛苦？或者什么样的行为会导致我长久的福利和幸福？” |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss … |
因为造作这样的业，死后他们投生到失去之地…… |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati duppañño hoti. |
or if they return to the human realm, they’re witless … |
或者如果他们回到人间，他们会愚昧…… |
| Duppaññasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
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| samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā na paripucchitā hoti: |
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| ‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ; |
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| kiṃ sāvajjaṃ, kiṃ anavajjaṃ; |
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| kiṃ sevitabbaṃ, kiṃ na sevitabbaṃ; |
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| kiṃ me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya hoti, kiṃ vā pana me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hotī’ti? (7) |
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| Idha pana, māṇava, ekacco itthī vā puriso vā samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā paripucchitā hoti: |
But take some woman or man who does approach an ascetic or brahmin to ask: |
然而，假设有些女人或男人亲近沙门或婆罗门请教： |
| ‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ; |
‘Sir, what is skillful and what is unskillful? |
“先生，什么是善巧的，什么是不善巧的？ |
| kiṃ sāvajjaṃ, kiṃ anavajjaṃ; |
What is blameworthy and what is blameless? |
什么是应受责备的，什么是无可责备的？ |
| kiṃ sevitabbaṃ, kiṃ na sevitabbaṃ; |
What should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated? |
什么应该修习，什么不应该修习？ |
| kiṃ me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya hoti, kiṃ vā pana me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hotī’ti? |
What kind of action will lead to my lasting harm and suffering? Or what kind of action will lead to my lasting welfare and happiness?’ |
什么样的行为会导致我长久的伤害和痛苦？或者什么样的行为会导致我长久的福利和幸福？” |
| So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
Because of undertaking such karma, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. |
因为造作这样的业，当他们的身体崩坏，死后，他们投生到一个好地方，天界。 |
| No ce kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati yattha yattha paccājāyati mahāpañño hoti. |
If they’re not reborn in a heavenly realm, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re very wise. |
如果他们不投生到天界，而是回到人间，那么无论他们投生到哪里，都会非常智慧。 |
| Mahāpaññasaṃvattanikā esā, māṇava, paṭipadā yadidaṃ— |
For asking questions of ascetics or brahmins is the path leading to wisdom. |
因为向沙门或婆罗门请教问题是导致智慧的道路。 |
| samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā paripucchitā hoti: |
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| ‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ; |
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| kiṃ sāvajjaṃ, kiṃ anavajjaṃ; |
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| kiṃ sevitabbaṃ, kiṃ na sevitabbaṃ; |
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| kiṃ me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya hoti, kiṃ vā pana me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hotī’ti? (7) |
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| Iti kho, māṇava, appāyukasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā appāyukattaṃ upaneti, dīghāyukasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā dīghāyukattaṃ upaneti; |
So it is the way people live that makes them how they are, whether short-lived or long lived, |
所以正是人们的生活方式决定了他们是短命还是长寿， |
| bavhābādhasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā bavhābādhattaṃ upaneti, appābādhasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā appābādhattaṃ upaneti; |
sickly or healthy, |
多病还是健康， |
| dubbaṇṇasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā dubbaṇṇattaṃ upaneti, pāsādikasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā pāsādikattaṃ upaneti; |
ugly or lovely, |
丑陋还是美丽， |
| appesakkhasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā appesakkhattaṃ upaneti, mahesakkhasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā mahesakkhattaṃ upaneti; |
insignificant or illustrious, |
微不足道还是显赫， |
| appabhogasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā appabhogattaṃ upaneti, mahābhogasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā mahābhogattaṃ upaneti; |
poor or rich, |
贫穷还是富有， |
| nīcakulīnasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā nīcakulīnattaṃ upaneti, uccākulīnasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā uccākulīnattaṃ upaneti; |
in a low class or eminent family, |
出身低微还是显赫家庭， |
| duppaññasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā duppaññattaṃ upaneti, mahāpaññasaṃvattanikā paṭipadā mahāpaññattaṃ upaneti. |
or witless or wise. |
或者愚昧还是智慧。 |
| Kammassakā, māṇava, sattā kammadāyādā kammayonī kammabandhū kammappaṭisaraṇā. |
Sentient beings are the owners of their karma and heir to their karma. karma are their womb, their relative, and their refuge. |
众生是他们业的主人，是他们业的继承者。业是他们的母胎，他们的亲属，他们的皈依处。 |
| Kammaṃ satte vibhajati yadidaṃ— |
It is karma that divide beings into |
正是业将众生分为 |
| hīnappaṇītatāyā”ti. |
inferior and superior.” |
低劣和优越。” |
| Evaṃ vutte, subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
When he had spoken, Subha said to him: |
他说完后，苏巴对他说： |
| “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama. |
“Excellent, Master Gotama! Excellent! |
“乔达摩大师，太好了！太好了！ |
| Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya: ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. |
As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with good eyes can see what’s there, Master Gotama has made the Teaching clear in many ways. |
乔达摩大师以多种方式阐明了教法，就好像扶正了被翻倒的，揭示了被隐藏的，为迷路的人指明了道路，或者在黑暗中点亮了一盏灯，让视力良好的人能看到那里有什么。 |
| Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. |
I go for refuge to Master Gotama, to the teaching, and to the monk Saṅgha. |
我皈依乔达摩大师，皈依教法，皈依僧伽。 |
| Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. |
From this day forth, may Master Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.” |
从今天起，愿乔达摩大师将我记为终生皈依的在家信徒。” |
